List of cult and new religious movement researchers

This list includes people that have researched cults and/or new religious movements. They are listed below according to their academic background, area of research, or profession.

Contents

List

Name Lifetime Nationality Field Notes
Fauset, ArthurArthur Fauset 1899-1983 United States Anthropology Fauset was a noted civil rights activist, anthropologist, folklorist, and educator. He belonged to the Philadelphia Anthropology Society, the American Anthropological Association, and the American Folklore Society. Elsie Clews Parsons supported him throughout his career in anthropology and with her support Fauset published his Ph. D. on Negro cults of Philadelphia, New York and Chicago, Black Gods of the Metropolis in 1944.[1]
Galanti, Geri-AnnGeri-Ann Galanti United States Anthropology Galanti is a faculty member in the anthropology department and Statewide Nursing Program at California State University.[2] Her research has focused on the areas of cults and deprogramming.[2] Galanti has published research in the Cultic Studies Journal on the subject of deprogramming and conversion.[3] She is the author of Caring for Patients from Different Cultures, published by University of Pennsylvania Press.[2]
Glazier, StephenStephen Glazier United States Anthropology Glazier is a member of the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology at the University of Nebraska; where he teaches classes in anthropology, race and minority relations, and sociology of religion. He has conducted extensive fieldwork in Trinidad which focused on Caribbean religions such as Rastafari, Vodoun, and the Spiritual Baptists. He has served as president of the Society for the Anthropology of Consciousness and secretary of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion.[4]
Kehoe, Alice BeckAlice Beck Kehoe 1934 United States Anthropology Kehoe was a Professor of Anthropology at University of Nebraska at Lincoln and Marquette University, and the author of several books on new religious movements among Native American peoples, including the Ghost Dance.[5]
Poewe, KarlaKarla Poewe 1941 England Anthropology Poewe is an anthropologist and historian. She is the author of ten academic books and fifty peer reviewed articles in international journals. Currently Poewe is Professor Emeritus in Anthropology at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada and Adjunct Research Professor at Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, England. She is married to Irving Hexham.[6] Poewe and Hexham co-authored Understanding Cults and New Religions (1986) and New Religions as Global Cultures (1997).[7]
Conway, FloFlo Conway United States Communications Conway did her Master's Degree work at the University of New Mexico, and obtained her Ph.D. from the University of Oregon; she began an interdisciplinary programs in communications at the University of Oregon.[8] With Jim Siegelman, she authored a 1978 study on effects of cults, titled Snapping.[9] Subsequently published again with Siegelman along with Carl W. Carmichael and John Coggins, in Update: A Journal of New Religious Movements.[10]
Alexander, ThomasThomas Alexander 1935- United States History Alexander, a professor of History at Brigham Young University, is the author of many scholarly books and articles on the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[11]
Butler, Jonathan M.Jonathan M. Butler 1948- United States History Butler is an historian of religion. He worked as an associate professor of church history at Loma Linda University in California, and also taught at Union College in Nebraska. He was co-editor of the magazine Adventist Heritage. He authored an article in 1979 claiming Ellen White's endtime scenario was culturally conditioned to the point of being more at place in her time than now.[12][13][14]
Chantin, Jean-PierreJean-Pierre Chantin France History Chantin is a French historian, associated with the University of Lyon. He specializes in the history of religion in France, including the Catholic Church and the role of new religious movements.[15][16] In 1998 his study of Jansenism was published by the University of Lyon.[17] In 2001 he was the chief editor of Dictionary of the religious world in contemporary France, published by Editions Beauchesne.[18] In 2004 he published a 157 page study on French sects from 1905 to 2000, asking: " disputes or religious innovations?"[19]
Hammer, OlavOlav Hammer 1958– Sweden History Hammer is a Professor of History of Religion at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, with a research focus on the application of critical theory in the context of religious change and innovation.[20][21]
Hutton, RonaldRonald Hutton 1953- England History Hutton is an English historian. Educated at Cambridge and Oxford, he taught history at the University of Bristol in the 1980s. He has written influential books on Neopaganism, Wicca, and related topics.[22][23]
Mayer, Jean-FrancoisJean-Francois Mayer 1957– Switzerland History Mayer is a religious historian and Director of the Institute Religioscope. He has a doctorate degree in History at the Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 (1984). From 1991 to 1998, he worked as an analyst on international affairs and policy for the Swiss federal government. In 1999, he founded a firm of strategic researches named JFM Recherches et Analyses, and taught at the University of Freiburg from 1999 to 2007.[24] In 2007, Mayer founded the Institute Religioscope and became the director. He contributed in the writing of several magazines, including Politica Hermetica, Religioscope and Religion Watch. His writing focuses on contemporary religious movements and cults, including Islam, Unification Church, the Church of Scientology, the Order of the Solar Temple and the Pilgrims of Arès.[25]
Rothstein, MikaelMikael Rothstein Denmark History Rothstein is an associate professor of religious history at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.[26][27] In 2002 he was on the board of the Danish Association for the History of Religions (DAHR) and the editorial boards of the publications Renner Studies on New Religions (Aarhus University Press) and Nye Religioner (Gyldendal).[28] He is the author of several books on religious history and especially on the role of new religious movements, among them: Belief Transformations: Some Aspects of the Relation between Science and Religion in Transcendental Meditation (TM) and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) (1996), Secular Theories on Religion: Current Perspectives (2000) (co-author with Tim Jensen), New Age Religion and Globalization (2002), and New Religions in a Postmodern World (2003) (co-editor with Reender Kranenborg)[29]
Charles Napier Webb, JamesJames Charles Napier Webb 1946–1980 Scotland History James Charles Napier Webb was an historian and biographer. He was born in Edinburgh, was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. He is remembered primarily for two works The Occult Underground and The Occult Establishment. Webb traced the influence of occult and mystical groups and writers on literature, philosophy and politics.[30]
Munro, RobinRobin Munro Scotland Jurisprudence Munro is a legal scholar and author. He received his PhD from the Department of Law, School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London.[31] He has written on new religious movements in China, including Falun Gong and syncretic sects and secret societies.[32][33]
Gardner, MartinMartin Gardner 1914-2010 United States Mathematics Gardner was an American mathematics and science author. He wrote the Mathematical Games column in Scientific American from 1956 to 1981 and the Notes of a Fringe-Watcher column in Skeptical Inquirer from 1983 to 2002 and published over 70 books. He wrote on various new religious movements, including Scientology and Urantia (the topic of his 1995 book published by Prometheus Books).[34][35][36][37]
Winston, DianeDiane Winston United States Media and Religion Winston is a professor of Media and Religion at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California, and an author. USC lists her current research interests as media coverage of Islam, religion and new media, and the place of religion in American identity.[38][39] She received her B.A. from Brandeis, a Masters in Theological Studies from Harvard Divinity School, a masters in journalism from Columbia, and her Ph.D. in religion from Princeton University.[40] She has extensively studied the history of the Salvation Army.[41][42]
Lottick, EdwardEdward Lottick 1935– United States Medicine Lottick is a medical doctor who has performed research in the area of assessing knowledge regarding cults by physicians,[43] and psychologists.[44]
Lewis, James R.James R. Lewis United States Philosophy Lewis, a Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin, has been a prolific author and editor of books on new religious movements such as The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements (2004); he also edits the Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion series and is co-editor of Ashgate's Controversial New Religions series.[45]
Sontag, FrederickFrederick Sontag 1924-2009 United States Philosophy Sontag, an author and professor of Philosophy at Pomona College, was considered an expert on the Unification Church. In the 1970s he interviewed church founder Sun Myung Moon and church members in Europe, America, and Asia while researching for a book published in 1977.[46][47][48]
Barkun, MichaelMichael Barkun United States Political Science Barkun is professor emeritus of political science at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, specializing in political extremism and the relationship between religion and violence. He is the author of a number of books on the subject, including Religion and The Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement (1996), A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America (2003), and Chasing Phantoms: Reality, Imagination, and Homeland Security Since 9/11 (2011). He serves on the editorial boards of Terrorism and Political Violence and Nova Religio, and was the editor of Communal Societies from 1987 to 1994.[49][50]
Liogier, RaphaëlRaphaël Liogier France Political science Liogier is the director of the Observatoire du religieux[51] and a professor of universities at the Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence and the Institut de management public et de gouvernance territoriale. He co-authored several articles on the theme of religion.[52] Liogier wrote his thesis on Buddhism under the direction of Bruno Étienne, a professor at the Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence, and has among other things published a book on secularism in 2006. He works particularly on the issues related to Islam and cults.[53] He has also criticized the "anti-sect" government agency MIVILUDES.[54]
Clark, John GordonJohn Gordon Clark 1926–1999 United States Psychiatry Clark was a doctor and professor at Harvard Medical School.[55] He authored an article on cults for the Journal of the American Medical Association.[56]
Galanter, MarcMarc Galanter United States Psychiatry Galanter is director of the division of alcoholism and drug abuse in the department of psychiatry at New York University School of Medicine.[57][58] He is the editor of Cults and New Religious Movements: A Report of the American Psychiatric Association,[59] and author of Cults: Faith, Healing and Coercion.[60]
Halperin, David A.David A. Halperin 1934–2003 United States Psychiatry Halperin was a psychiatrist at Mount Sinai School of Medicine.[61] His research into cults and cult recruitment was published in the behavioral science journal Group,[62] and in the book Cults and New Religious Movements: A Report of the American Psychiatric Association.[59]
Hochman, JohnJohn Hochman 1946– United States Psychiatry Hochman is affiliated with UCLA Medical Center, where he is an assistant professor of clinical psychiatry.[63] His research into the subject of cults has focused on indoctrination and therapeutic abuse, and has been published in academic journals including Psychiatric Annals,[64] and Psychiatry.[65]
Levine, Saul V.Saul V. Levine 1938– Canada Psychiatry Levine is a professor of psychiatry in Toronto, Canada.[66] He has researched cults and deprogramming, with work published in the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,[67] and the Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal.[68]
Lifton, Robert JayRobert Jay Lifton 1926– United States Psychiatry Lifton is a psychiatrist who has focused his research in the area of coercive persuasion.[69] He wrote an article on the creation of cults for The Harvard Mental Health Letter,[70] and is the author of Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism,[71] and Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism.[72]
Olsson, Peter A.Peter A. Olsson 1941– United States Psychiatry Olsson is a psychiatrist affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine, where he is on staff as adjunct clinical professor of psychiatry.[73] He is an assistant professor of psychiatry at Dartmouth Medical School.[73] In his research he has focused on the analysis of the framework and mindset of leaders of destructive cults and religious groups.[74][75]
Perry, Bruce D.Bruce D. Perry United States Psychiatry Perry is a neuroscientist at Baylor College of Medicine.[76] He serves as chief of psychiatry at Texas Children's Hospital.[76] He sub-specializes within the field of child psychiatry and childhood trauma.[77] His study has included the area of children exposed to traumatic incidents as members of the group Branch Davidians.[78][79]
West, Louis JolyonLouis Jolyon West 1924–1999 United States Psychiatry West was a psychiatrist affiliated with University of California, Los Angeles.[80] He held positions of professor and chairman at the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA.[81] He contributed research on cults to publications including the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry,[82] and Cults and New Religious Movements: A Report of the American Psychiatric Association.[59]
Anthony, DickDick Anthony United States Psychology Anthony holds a PhD from the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California[83] and has supervised research at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and at the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley.[84][85] His research has been supported by agencies such as the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Drug Abuse and the National Endowment for the Humanities, and he has frequently testified or acted as a consultant in court cases involving NRMs.[86] He has been a leading critic of brainwashing and mind control theories and has defended NRMs, arguing that involvement in them has often been shown to have beneficial, rather than harmful effects.[85][87][88]
Beit-Hallahmi, BenjaminBenjamin Beit-Hallahmi Israel Psychology Beit-Hallahmi graduated with a B.A. degree from Hebrew University, and received his M.A. and Ph.D. from Michigan State University.[89] He has served as Senior Lecturer in psychology at the University of Haifa, and has held faculty roles in clinical and research capacities at The University of Michigan, the University of Pennsylvania, Hebrew University, Michigan State University, and Tel-Aviv University.[89] Beit-Hallahmi is the author of Psychoanalysis and Religion: A Bibliography, and co-author of The Social Psychology of Religion; he edited Research in Religious Behavior.[89] He has published scholarship analyzing practices within standards of researching new religious movements.[90]
Chambers, William V.William V. Chambers 1954–2003 United States Psychology Chambers was a psychologist and faculty member in the Department of Psychology at the University of South Florida.[91][92] In addition to the University of South Florida, Chambers worked as a research consultant in the area of statistics in Lindale, Georgia, and served as a professor of psychology at Wright State University, and Shorter College.[92] Chambers performed research in the subject of group psychological abuse through development of the Group Psychological Abuse Scale with Michael D. Langone and Arthur A. Dole.[93]
Di Marzio, RaffaellaRaffaella Di Marzio Italy Psychology Di Marzio is a clinical psychologist. She is a member of the Editorial Board of the academic journal, Cultic Studies Review and is the director of the Sectes, Religion, Spirituality Counseling Center, in Rome, Italy.[94]
Dole, Arthur A.Arthur A. Dole United States Psychology Dole is a professor of psychology and education, at the University of Pennsylvania. He is a board member of the International Cultic Studies Association's board of directors and a member of the Editorial Review Board of the peer reviewed academic journal, the Cultic Studies Review. He contributed a chapter to the comprehensive work The Psychology of Terrorism, Volume III: Theoretical Understandings and Perspectives. Responding directly to 9/11.[95]
Eichel, SteveSteve Eichel United States Psychology Eichel is a psychologist known primarily for his work on destructive cults, coercive persuasion, mind control, brainwashing, and deprogramming. He is a former President of the Greater Philadelphia Society of Clinical Hypnosis and the 2006-07 President of the American Academy of Counseling Psychology, the national membership academy comprising American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) Board-certified counseling psychologists.[96]
Kelley, Susan J.Susan J. Kelley United States Psychology Kelley serves as dean of the College of Health and Human Sciences at Georgia State University and is a former professor of Nursing at Boston College. She is a recipient of the John G. Clark Award for Distinguished Scholarship in Cultic Studies for research into sexual abuse of children.[97][98]
Langone, MichaelMichael Langone 1947– United States Psychology Langone is the Executive Director of the International Cultic Studies Association and has written widely on alternative religious movements.[99][100]
Martin, Paul R.Paul R. Martin 1946–2009 United States Psychology Martin was a psychologist and the founder and Executive Director of Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center. He consulted with several institutions, published on cult-related subjects, and collaborated in fieldwork focusing on the prediction and treatment of psychological damage related to involvement with high-demand religious movements.[101][102]
Miller, Jesse S.Jesse S. Miller 1940–2006 United States Psychology Miller taught a course in advanced hypnotherapeutic techniques, at UC Berkeley[103]. Miller specialized in analysis of hypnotherapy, and wrote the article "The Utilization of Hypnotic Techniques in Religious Cult Conversion", in Cultic Studies Journal.[104]
Singer, MargaretMargaret Singer 1921–2003 United States Psychology Singer was Professor Emeritus in the University of California at Berkeley's Department of Psychology. She had published widely on cultic groups, coercion, pseudo-therapudic practices, and other areas.[105][106]
Sirkin, MarkMark Sirkin 1956– United States Psychology Sirkin was the Director of the Robert M. Beren Center of the Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University. Following his doctoral work, Sirkin took a position on the faculty of the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Rochester Medical Center, where he worked with Professor Lyman Wynne. He later became Director of Group Training and Research at the Department of Psychiatry. Sirkin was Chairman of the American Family Foundation Psychology Committee, and member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Cultic Studies Journal. With Uri Rueveni, of the University of Houston, Sirkin studied the application of network therapy to the treatment of relational disorders relating to cults.[107]
Temerlin, Maurice K.Maurice K. Temerlin 1924–1988 United States Psychology Temerlin was a psychologist and the author of "Psychotherapy Cults: An Iatrogenic Perversion," which was published in Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice in 1982. He served on the APA taskforce on Deceptive and Indirect Techniques of Persuasion and Control, from 1983 to 1986.[108].[109]
van der Lans, JanJan van der Lans 1933–2002 Netherlands Psychology Van der Lans was a Dutch professor in the psychology of religion at the Catholic University of Nijmegen (now called Radboud University Nijmegen). From 1977 onwards he did research among followers of new religious movements. In 1979 he instigated a European platform of psychologists of religion and until 1997 he was chairperson of the International Committee of European Psychologists of Religion. In 1992 he became a professor in the psychology of religion at the university. Van der Lans was involved in the International Association for the Psychology of Religion (German: Internationale Gesellschaft für Religionspsychologie) and as of 1998 part of its executive committee. He was also a member of the Commission Internationale de Psychologie Religieuse Scientifique.[110]
Zimbardo, PhilipPhilip Zimbardo 1933– United States Psychology Zimbardo is a psychologist and a professor emeritus at Stanford University.[111]
Giambalvo, CarolCarol Giambalvo United States Psychotherapy Giambalvo is an author and therapist. She cofounded reFOCUS, a support and referral network for former members of cults. She has served as a Thought Reform Consultant since 1984. She is the author of Exit Counseling: A Family Intervention, co-editor of The Boston Movement: Critical Perspectives on the International Churches of Christ, and co-author of “Ethical Standards for Thought Reform Consultants.”[112]
Goldberg, BillBill Goldberg 1946– United States Psychotherapy Goldberg is a social worker. With his wife Lorna Goldberg, he has co-led a support group for what they regard as ex-cult members for over 25 years.[113][114]
Goldberg, LornaLorna Goldberg United States Psychotherapy Goldberg is a social worker, certified psychoanalyst, psychotherapist and has served as the president of the International Cultic Studies Association. With her husband Bill Goldberg, Lorna has co-led a support group for ex-cult members for over 25 years.[115]
Hassan, StevenSteven Hassan 1954– United States Psychotherapy Hassan formed a method of counseling former members of controversial religious groups, called the Strategic Interaction Approach.[116][117] In his 2002 book The Psychology of Terrorism, author Chris E. Stout writes that Hassan, "bases his counseling of voluntary cultists on theory and research. To combat destructive mind control, he has developed the Strategic Interaction Approach. This approach is designed to free the cult member from the group's control over his or her life."[117] New York Magazine characterized Hassan as, "one of the country's leading experts on cults and mind control".[118] Hassan has often been cited as an authority on NRM and cult topics.[A]
Markowitz, ArnoldArnold Markowitz United States Psychotherapy Markowitz is a social worker, psychotherapist, and cult critic and researcher. He is the Director of the Cult Hot Line and Clinic of the Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services in New York City. He is a founding member of the Interfaith Coalition of Concern About Cults, and is a member of the Task Force on Missionaries and Cults, Jewish Relations Council. He is a staff member of the Martha K. Selig Institute.[119] In 1994 he was appointed by the Old Cult Awareness Network as the Chairperson of the FOCUS committee (FOrmer CUltist Support Network).[120][121]
Bonewits, IsaacIsaac Bonewits 1949– United States Religious studies Bonewits is a well-known author on neo-Pagan subjects. He is one of the founders of the New Reformed Druids of North America, founder and past-president of the Aquarian Defamation League, and founding member of ADF (Ár nDraíocht Féin).[122][123]
Chryssides, George D.George D. Chryssides 1945– United Kingdom Religious studies Chryssides is the author, contributor and editor for several references covering new religious movements. He is senior lecturer for Religious Studies at the University of Wolverhampton, and has served in various organizations related to the study of religion.[124][125]
Cohn-Sherbok, DanDan Cohn-Sherbok 1945- Israel Religious Studies Cohn-Sherbok is a rabbi of Reform Judaism, a Jewish theologian and a prolific author on religion. He is Professor Emeritus of Judaism at the University of Wales. He has written on Messianic Judaism, Christian Zionism, and other new religious movements related to Judaism.[126][127]
Cowan, Douglas E.Douglas E. Cowan United States Religious studies Cowan teaches at Renison College, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and is one of the co-general editors of Nova Religio: The Journal of New and Emergent Religions.[128]
Dowhower, Richard L.Richard L. Dowhower United States Religious studies Dowhower is a Lutheran pastor, as well as an educator and religious scholar. He has been actively involved in educating both his parish and the public about what he defined as "cults".[129]
Forsthoefel , ThomasThomas Forsthoefel United States Religious studies Forsthoefel is a professor of religious studies at Mercyhurst College in Erie, Pennsylvania, as well as a poet and author. He has a special interest in Hinduism and Buddhism and has written on both new religious movements and established traditions within these faiths, while his own background is Roman Catholic.[130][131] Forsthoefel's published books include: Four charismatic thinkers on violence and non-violence: analysis and evaluation (Loyola University of Chicago, 1987), Epistemologies of religious experience in medieval and modern Vedānta (University of Chicago Divinity School), 1998), Knowing beyond knowledge: epistemologies of religious experience in classical and modern Advaita (Ashgate, 2002), Gurus in America co-editor with Cynthia Ann Humes (SUNY Press, 2005), Soulsong: Seeking Holiness, Coming Home (Orbis Books, 2006), and The Dalai Lama: essential writings editor (Orbis Books, 2008).[132]
Gallagher, Eugene V.Eugene V. Gallagher United States Religious studies Gallagher is a professor of religious studies at Connecticut College. His department lists his specialzations as: History of religion, New religious movements, New Testament and early Christianity, Western scriptures and traditions. He is the author of several books, mainly on the topic of new religious movements.[133] In 1995 Gallagher and James D. Tabor, an associate professor of religious studies at the University of North Carolina, co-authored Why Waco? Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America. The book blamed the 1993 Waco siege partly on misunderstanding of religious issues by law enforcement personel.[134]
Gardell, MattiasMattias Gardell 1959- Sweden Religious Studies Gardell is a scholar of comparative religion. He is the current holder of the Nathan Söderblom Chair of Comparative Religion at Uppsala University, Sweden.[135] Gardell specializes in the study of religious extremism and religious racism in the United States, studying groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, Nation of Islam, and folkish movements in Neopaganism (Odinism).[136] His 1995 dissertation on Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam was published in both British and American editions.[135]
Geaves, RonRon Geaves United Kingdom Religious studies Geaves is a professor of religion at Liverpool Hope University in England. He has become known by his expertise in the adaptation and transmigration of religions to the West, especially Islam, Sikhism and Hinduism. He is the author of several books, including The Sufis of Britain, which explored the manifestations of Islamic mysticism in the UK and The Continuum Glossary of Religious Terminology an extensive glossary of seven major world faiths. He was one of the earliest Western students of Maharaji (Prem Rawat, known also as Guru Maharaj Ji), and has written a number of papers related to Maharaji and his organizations, such as the Divine Light Mission, and Elan Vital.[137][138]
Grünschloß, AndreasAndreas Grünschloß 1957– Germany Religious studies Grünschloß, Professor of Religious Studies at Göttingen University, is a researcher with a focus on new religious movements (especially UFO religions), Buddhism, syncretism and related topics who has contributed to various encyclopedias, anthologies and scholarly journals.[20] He is also co-editor of the Marburg Journal of Religion.[139]
Hexham, IrvingIrving Hexham 1943– United Kingdom/Canada Religious studies Hexham is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He began his academic research with a study of New Age thought in Glastonbury[140] and continued his research with a study of the origins of the ideology of Apartheid.[141] Later he pioneered the study of the amaNazareta by publishing the complete scriptures of this important African Independent Church which in the past was often considered pagan.[142] Alongside his South African studies Hexham also published extensively on New Religious Movements, Theology, the History of Christian Missions, and, more recently National Socialism.[143]
Humes, Cynthia AnnCynthia Ann Humes United States Religious Studies Humes is a professor of Religious Studies at Claremont McKenna College, in Claremont, California.[144] She has spent much time in India in order to study first-hand the role of goddesses in modern Hinduism[145][146], and has also written on Hinduism's influence on new religious movements in the United States.[147] In 2008 she criticized the Transcendental Meditation movement for its seeming misunderstanding of Indian classical music,[148] while in 2005 she had criticized its exclusivity.[149]
Jorgensen, DannyDanny Jorgensen 1951 United States Religious Studies Jorgensen is a professor at the Department of Religious Studies of the University of South Florida[150] is an American professor at the Department of Religious Studies of the University of South Florida,[151] for which he also served as chair from 1999 to 2006. Jorgensen's research interests include Sociology of Culture, Knowledge, and Religion, Science and Religion, Cults and Sects, American religion, Native American religions, new religions, Mormonism, Shakerism, Occultism, Neopaganism, Witchcraft, Scientology, and others..[152]
Kranenborg, ReenderReender Kranenborg 1942– Netherlands Religious studies Kranenborg was an editor of the magazine Religious Movement in the Netherlands published by the institute of religious studies of the Free University in Amsterdam.[153] He received his Phd. in the theological faculty about the subject of Self-realization. He stated in the dissertation that he had attempted to research the subject following the norms of religious studies, not a theological one.[154] He has a seat at the Comitato Scientifico (scientific committee) of the CESNUR.[155] In 2003 he wrote, with co-author Mikael Rothstein, New Religions in a Postmodern World.[156]
Kripal, JeffreyJeffrey Kripal United States Religious Studies Kripal is a professor of Religious Studies and Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at Rice University, Houston, Texas. His areas of interest include the comparative erotics and ethics of mystical literature, American countercultural translations of Asian religions, and the history of Western esotericism from ancient gnosticism to the New Age, including[157] the Ramakrishna Mission,[158] and the Esalen Institute.[159]
Melton, J. GordonJ. Gordon Melton 1942– United States Religious studies Melton is author of, co-author of, or contributor to many standard references and articles on emergent and established religious groups, including the Encyclopedia of American Religions. He is the Director of the Institute for the Study of American Religions based in Santa Barbara, California.[160][161]
Miller, TimothyTimothy Miller United States Religious Studies Miller is a professor and author with a special interest in communalism and new religious movements. He is a professor of Religious Studies at the University of Kansas at Lawrence.[162][163] In 1995 his book America's Alternative Religions was published by SUNY Press.[164]
Saliba, John A.John A. Saliba United States Religious studies Saliba is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Detroit Mercy as well as a Catholic priest and a Jesuit.[165] He advocates a conciliatory approach towards new religious movements, arguing that "dialogue is more useful than diatribe".[166] He notes that for most people membership in a NRM is temporary, and maintains that NRMs can act as a temporary safe haven for young adults, enabling them to stabilise their lives.[166][167] He is critical of the anti-cult movement and has remarked that "the neutral stance of the social sciences is a stance which has often been interpreted as favoring the NRMs".[168]
Shinn, LarryLarry Shinn United States Religious studies Shinn is president of Berea College, Kentucky. Prior to this appointment he was Vice-President of Academic Affairs, Dean of Humanities and Head of the Religious Studies Department at Bucknell University, USA. He has studied ISKCON in America for more than forty years and, and, among his other writings, published, The Dark Lord, a study of the Hare Krishnas and the cult controversy. He is also a United Methodist minister. He is notable for accepting the bona fides of the ISKCON even before a majority of academia accepted their (ISKCON's) traditional and orthodox nature.[169][170]
Silk, MarkMark Silk 1951 United States Religious Studies Silk is a professor of religion in public life at Trinity College (Hartford, Connecticut).[171][172] In the 1980s and 1990s Silk was a regular contributor to the New York Times, contributing essays and book reviews on feminist theology,[173] new religious movements,[174] Jewish identity, and other religion-related topics.[175] In 1995 he criticized the American news media for their unbalanced coverage of new religious movements when compared to more established religious institutions.[176]
Wessinger, CatherineCatherine Wessinger United States Religious studies Wessinger is a professor of religious studies at Loyola University New Orleans with a main research focus on millennialism, new religions, women and religion and religions of India. Wessinger is co-general editor of Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions[177] and served as a consultant to federal law enforcement during the Montana Freemen standoff.[178]
Barker, EileenEileen Barker 1938– United Kingdom Sociology Barker is Professor Emeritus of the Sociology Department at the London School of Economics. She is founder and chairperson of INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements), past-Chairperson of the British Sociological Association's Study Group for the Sociology of Religion, past-President of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, and past-President of the Association for the Sociology of Religion. Her work has included hundreds of articles, books, reviews and consultations with governments.[179][180]
Beckford, James A.James A. Beckford United Kingdom Sociology Beckford is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Warwick, a Fellow of the British Academy, and a former President of both the Association for the Sociology of Religion and the International Society for the Sociology of Religion. He has authored or edited a dozen books about new religious movements and cult controversies and has contributed about 100 journal articles and book chapters to the field.[181][182] He is associated with Eileen Barker's INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements), a UK charity that disseminates information on NRMs to government and the public at large.[183]
Bromley, David G.David G. Bromley 1941– United States Sociology Bromley is a professor of sociology at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, a past president of the Association for the Sociology of Religion, and a former editor of the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion.[160][184][185] His publishing has concentrated both on new religious movements and the anti-cult movement that arose to oppose them; he and Anson Shupe became "the primary social science interpreters of that countermovement in a series of books and articles".[185]
Clarke, Peter B.Peter B. Clarke 1940–2011 United Kingdom Sociology Clarke was Professor Emeritus of the History and Sociology of Religion at King's College, University of London, a professorial member of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Oxford, and the founding editor of the Journal of Contemporary Religion. His publications include Japanese New Religions: In Global Perspective (editor), New Religions in Global Perspective: A Study of Religious Change in the Modern World and the Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements (editor).[186][187]
Dawson, Lorne L.Lorne L. Dawson Canada Sociology Dawson is Professor of Sociology and Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Waterloo. His publications include Comprehending Cults (1998), Cults and New Religions (2003) and Religion Online (2004); in addition, he has authored numerous scholarly articles and book chapters on the study of new religions, religion and the internet and related topics.[188]
Dericquebourg, RégisRégis Dericquebourg 1947– France Sociology Dericquebourg is a sociologist of religions. He wrote his thesis on Jehovah's Witnesses under the direction of Jean Seguy. He holds a doctorate in psychosociology and a postgraduate degree in clinical psychology from the Institute of Paris 7.[189] He is a member of the Group for the Study of Religions and Secularity at the National Center for the Scientific Studies in Paris, and a professor at the Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III. He published five books, many sociological articles in collective books, encyclopedias and journals and regularly participated in conferences of sociology. His contributions are mainly on Jehovah's Witnesses, healing churches and new religious movements.[190]
Dobbelaere, KarelKarel Dobbelaere 1933– Belgium Sociology Dobbelaere is an Emeritus Professor of both the University of Antwerp and the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium. He is past-President and General Secretary of the International Society for the Sociology of Religion. His teaching focus was sociology and the sociology of religion. His research fields have included changes in religious participation and new religious sectarian movements.[191]
Enroth, RonaldRonald Enroth 1938– United States Sociology Enroth is a widely published author and educator who has done work in the area of abusive evangelical Christian congregations and new religious movements. He is professor of sociology at Westmont College in Santa Barbara, California.[192][193][194]
Foss, DanielDaniel Foss 1940 United States Sociology Foss is a sociologist and author. He taught at the School for Critical Studies at the California Institute of the Arts, at Livingston College, and at the Newark College of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers University. He has published research in sociology journals, including a piece on the white middle class youth movement of the 1960s and its relationship to later movements such as the Children of God, the Divine Light Mission, Swami Muktananda and the Revolutionary Youth Movement in Theory and Society.[195] He later co-authored, with Ralph Larkin, a more focused article dealing with Guru Maharaj Ji and his followers, which was published in Sociological Analysis,[196] and a piece dealing with the vocabulary utilized in these social movements, in Social Text.[197]
Hadden, Jeffrey K.Jeffrey K. Hadden 1937–2003 United States Sociology Hadden was Professor of Sociology and Religious Studies at the University of Virginia, and founder of an internet resource on new religious movements, the Religious Movements Homepage Project.[20][198]
Hunt, Stephen J.Stephen J. Hunt United Kingdom Sociology Hunt is a Professor of Sociology at the University of the West of England whose primary research interests in the field of alternative religion include the Charismatic movement and the "New" Black Pentecostal Churches.[199][200]
Introvigne, MassimoMassimo Introvigne 1955– Italy Sociology Introvigne is the director of the Center for Studies of New Religions (CESNUR) in Turin, Italy; his publications include over thirty books on the history and sociology of religion (among them the Enciclopedia delle religioni in Italia), as well as over a hundred scholarly articles in various languages.[20][201]
Johnson, BentonBenton Johnson 1928– United States Sociology Johnson is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Oregon, former chair of both its Sociology Department and Department of Religious Studies, and former editor of Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. He is past-president of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, the Association for the Sociology of Religion, and The Religious Research Association. His work focuses on church-sect typology, new religious movements and mainline U.S. Protestant denominations.[202][203]
Kent, Stephen A.Stephen A. Kent Canada Sociology Kent is a Professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.[204] A specialist in alternative religions, he has published research on such groups as the Children of God and Scientology, and has cautioned against downplaying the risks associated with involvement in such groups.[204][205]
Lalich, JanjaJanja Lalich 1945– United States Sociology Lalich is a widely published author and educator who has done work in the area of cults and psychological influence. She is the head of the Cult Recovery and Information Center in Alameda, California.[206][207]
Lane, David C.David C. Lane 1956– United States Sociology Lane is a professor of philosophy and sociology at Mt. San Antonio College, in Walnut, California. He is the author of: The Making of a Spiritual Movement: The Untold Story of Paul Twitchell and Eckankar, The Unknowing Sage:Life and Work of Baba Faqir Chand, and Exposing Cults: When the Skeptical Mind Confronts the Mystical.[208]
Lofland, JohnJohn Lofland 1936 United States Sociology Lofland is a sociologist, professor, and author best known for his studies of the peace movement and for his first book, Doomsday Cult: A Study of Conversion, Proselytization, and Maintenance of Faith which was based on field work among a group of Unification Church members in California in the 1960s. It is considered to be one of the most important and widely cited studies of the process of religious conversion, and one of the first modern sociological studies of a new religious movement.[209][210].[211] He earned a PhD in sociology the University of California, Berkeley based on his Unification Church study. Since 1970 he has been a professor in the sociology department at the University of California, Davis, where he is now Professor of Sociology Emeritus.[212]
Ofshe, RichardRichard Ofshe 1941– United States Sociology Ofshe is a widely published author and expert witness who has done work in the area of cultic mind control and the use of hypnosis for recovering repressed memories. He is a professor emeritus of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley.[213][214]
Palmer, Susan J.Susan J. Palmer Canada Sociology Palmer teaches in Montreal, Quebec as an Adjunct Professor at Concordia University and as Professor of Religious Studies at Dawson College; she is the author of more than sixty articles as well as the author or editor of eight books on new religious movements.[45]
Poloma, MargaretMargaret Poloma United States Sociology Poloma is a professor and author who is known for her research on the Pentecostal movement in American Christianity.[215] She is now Professor Emeritus at the University of Akron.[216]
Possamai, AdamAdam Possamai Australia Sociology Possamai is currently Associate Professor in Sociology and the Acting Director of the Centre for the Study of Contemporary Muslim Societies (CSCMS)[217] at the University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[218] He is the former president of the Australian Association for the Study of Religions.[219] He was the 2002-2007 co-editor of the Australian Religion Studies Review[220] and is currently the President of the sociology of religion section (RC22) of the International Sociological Association.[221] He has published research on the Church of All Worlds, the Church of Satan, Jediism, and other new religious movements.[222]
Richardson, JamesJames Richardson United States Sociology Richardson has done work in the area of minority religions and connections between law and religion. He directs the Grant Sawyer Center for Justice Studies at the University of Nevada (Reno).[223][224]
Robbins, ThomasThomas Robbins 1943– United States Sociology Robbins is an independent scholar affiliated with the Santa Barbara Centre for Humanistic Studies; trained at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina, he has held teaching and research appointments at Queens College, the New School for Social Research, Yale University and the Graduate Theological Union and is a leading contributor of social scientific literature on new religious movements.[225]
Schnabel, PaulPaul Schnabel 1948– Netherlands Sociology Schnabel is a prolific author and research professor who has done work in mental health and religion. He is director of the Social and Cultural Planning Office at the University of Utrecht, and sits on the board of the History and Culture Research Institute.[226][227][228]
Shupe, AnsonAnson Shupe 1948– United States Sociology Shupe is a Professor of Sociology at the joint campus of Indiana State University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne, Indiana. He has done fieldwork on a number of new religious movements, in particular the Unification Church, and has also studied the anti-cult movement; he and David G. Bromley became "the primary social science interpreters of that countermovement in a series of books and articles".[229][230]
Wallis, RoyRoy Wallis 1945-1990 Ireland Sociology Wallis was a sociologist and Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the Queen's University Belfast. He is mostly known for his creation of the seven signs that differentiate a religious congregation from a sectarian church, which he created while researching the Scientology church. After publishing his book The Road to Total Freedom, an in-depth analysis of the sociology of Scientology, he was harassed by the church both legally and personally.[231][232] Forged letters, apparently from Wallis, were sent to his colleagues implicating him in various scandalous activities[233]. He introduced the distinction between world-affirming and world-rejecting new religious movements.[234]
Warburg, MargitMargit Warburg 1952– Denmark Sociology Warburg is a professor at the University of Copenhagen's Department of History of Religions. She specializes in the sociology of religion with emphasis on emergent religious sects and religious minorities. She has written extensively on the effect of technology on religion and new religious movements.[235]
Wilson, Bryan R.Bryan R. Wilson 1926–2004 United Kingdom Sociology Wilson was Reader Emeritus in Sociology and an Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College at Oxford. He taught at Oxford for over 30 years, and was visiting professor at various universities world-wide. He was Honorary President of the International Society for the Sociology of Religion. His work was in the typology of sects, the secularization of religious groups, and relationships between minority groups and governments.[236][237][238]
Zablocki, BenjaminBenjamin Zablocki 1941– United States Sociology Zablocki is the head of the Sociology department at Rutgers University. He has published on communes, leadership roles in new religious movements, and the academic debates regarding brainwashing and methodology in the study of new religion.[239][240][241][242]
Aagaard, JohannesJohannes Aagaard 1928-2007 Denmark Theology Aagaard was a professor of missiology at the University of Aarhus and was active in the Christian countercult movement as the founder of the Dialog Center International, an international educational organization concerned with cults and other new religious movements.[243][244][245][246][247]
Hollenweger, WalterWalter Hollenweger 1927 Switzerland Theology Hollenweger is a Swiss theologian and author, recognized as an expert on worldwide Pentecostalism. His two best known books are: The Pentecostals (1972) and Pentecostalism: Origins and Developments Worldwide (1997)[248] In 1955 he began studying at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Zurich. He wrote a ten volume doctoral dissertation Handbuch der Pfingstbewegung (Handbook of the Pentecostal Movement) published in 1966. The core of this work was published in various languages and became a standard work on Pentecostalism. His numerous publications in the years following made him one of the premier interpreters of this movement.[249]

See also

Psychology portal
Religion portal

Endnotes

  1. ^ Steven Hassan is the author of the book Combatting Cult Mind Control;,which was recommended in the American Journal of Psychiatry "to professionals in health-related fields, clergy, attorneys, judges, and others whose responsibilities bring them into contact with cults, their members, and the families whose lives are affected.";[250] and in The Lancet for "professionals in mental health, particularly those involved with students".[251] In 2003, the news agency Reuters described Hassan as a "cult expert";[252] the same characterization has been made about Hassan by The Toronto Sun,[253] the Sydney Morning Herald,[254] The New York Times,[255] The Globe and Mail,[256] the Herald Sun,[257] and Newsweek.[258] In the book Theorising Religion: Classical and Contemporary Debates edited by James A. Beckford and John Walliss, Hassan is described as a "scholar" belonging to the faction of "cult bashers".[259]

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New Religious Movements, Cults, and Sects
Major groups
Anthroposophical Society · Aum Shinrikyo · Baha'i Faith · Children of God · Christadelphians · Christian Reformed Church in North America · Christian Science · Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints · Church of Satan · Divine Light Mission · Erhard Seminars Training · Falun Gong · International Society for Krishna Consciousness · Jehovah's Witnesses · Nation of Islam · Opus Dei · Order of the Solar Temple · Peoples Temple · Raëlism · Ramakrishna Movement · Rajneesh movement · Religious Society of Friends · Sahaja Yoga · Sathya Sai Baba movement · Science of Mind · Scientology · Seventh-day Adventist Church · Shambhala International · Soka Gakkai · Transcendental Meditation · The Family · The Way International · Theosophical Society · Twelve Tribes · Unification Church · Unitarian Universalist Association · Unity Church · Wicca · Word of Faith
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